1. Rút gọn biểu thức:
a. (2x-3)(4x2+6x+9)-2x(4x2-1)
b.(x+y)2+2(x+y)(x-y)+(x-y)2
2.Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a. 2x2y+4xy+2y c. x2-8x+7
b.9x2+6xy-4z2+y2 d. x3+4x2+x-6
1,phân tích mỗi đa thức sau thành phân tử
a,(x+2y)2-(x-y)2
b,(x+1)3+(x-1)3
c,9x2-3x+2y-4y2
d,4x2-4xy+2x-y+y2
e,x3+3x2+3x+1-y3
g,x3-2x2y+xy2-4x
a) \(\left(x+2y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(x+2y+x-y\right)\left(x+2y-x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+y\right).3y\)
b) \(\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(x-1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+1+x-1\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2x\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x^2-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\)
c) \(9x^2-3x+2y-4y^2\)
\(=9x^2-4y^2-3x+2y\)
\(=\left(3x-2y\right)\left(3x+2y\right)-\left(3x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-2y\right)\left[3x+2y-1\right]\)
d) \(4x^2-4xy+2x-y+y^2\)
\(=4x^2-4xy+y^2+2x-y\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)^2+2x-y\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)\)
e) \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-y^3\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3-y^3\)
\(=\left(x+1-y\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+y\left(x+1\right)+y^2\right]\)
g) \(x^3-2x^2y+xy^2-4x\)
\(=x\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-4x\)
\(=x\left(x-y\right)^2-4x\)
\(=x\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4\right]\)
\(=x\left(x-y+2\right)\left(x-y-2\right)\)
a) (x + 2y)² - (x - y)²
= (x + 2y - x + y)(x + 2y + x - y)
= 3y(2x + y)
b) (x + 1)³ + (x - 1)³
= (x + 1 + x - 1)[(x + 1)² - (x + 1)(x - 1) + (x - 1)²]
= 2x(x² + 2x + 1 - x² + 1 + x² - 2x + 1)
= 2x(x² + 3)
c) 9x² - 3x + 2y - 4y²
= (9x² - 4y²) - (3x - 2y)
= (3x - 2y)(3x + 2y) - (3x - 2y)
= (3x - 2y)(3x + 2y - 1)
d) 4x² - 4xy + 2x - y + y²
= (4x² - 4xy + y²) + (2x - y)
= (2x - y)² + (2x - y)
= (2x - y)(2x - y + 1)
e) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1 - y³
= (x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1) - y³
= (x + 1)³ - y³
= (x + 1 - y)[(x + 1)² + (x + 1)y + y²]
= (x - y + 1)(x² + 2x + 1 + xy + y + y²)
g) x³ - 2x²y + xy² - 4x
= x(x² - 2xy + y² - 4)
= x[(x² - 2xy + y²) - 4]
= x[(x - y)² - 2²]
= x(x - y - 2)(x - y + 2)
Bài 1: Rút gọn các biểu thức:
a. (2x - 1)2 - 2(2x - 3)2 + 4
b. (3x + 2)2 + 2(2 + 3x)(1 - 2y) + (2y - 1)2
c. (x2 + 2xy)2 + 2(x2 + 2xy)y2 + y4
d. (x - 1)3 + 3x(x - 1)2 + 3x2(x -1) + x3
e. (2x + 3y)(4x2 - 6xy + 9y2)
f. (x - y)(x2 + xy + y2) - (x + y)(x2 - xy + y2)
g. (x2 - 2y)(x4 + 2x2y + 4y2) - x3(x – y)(x2 + xy + y2) + 8y3
a: \(\left(2x-1\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)^2+4\)
\(=4x^2-4x+1+4-2\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)\)
\(=4x^2-4x+5-8x^2+24x-18\)
\(=-4x^2+20x-13\)
e: \(\left(2x+3y\right)\left(4x^2-6xy+9y^2\right)=8x^3+27y^3\)
Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử.
a) 5x - 10y
b) 3x2y - 6xy2
c) x(x - y) - 3(y - x)
d)2x(x - 1) + 4x2(1 - x)
e) x2- 4xy + 4y2
f) 9x2- 16y2
g) x3- 27.
\(a,=5\left(x-2y\right)\\ b,=3xy\left(x-2y\right)\\ c,=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+3\right)\\ d,=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-4x^2\right)=2x\left(1-2x\right)\left(x-1\right)\\ e,=\left(x-2y\right)^2\\ f,=\left(3x-4y\right)\left(3x+4y\right)\\ g,=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)\)
a. 5x - 10y
= 5(x - 2y)
b. 3x2y - 6xy2
= 3xy(x - 2y)
c. x(x - y) - 3(y - x)
= x(x - y) + 3(x - y)
= (x + 3)(x - y)
d. 2x(x - 1) + 4x2(1 - x)
= 2x(x - 1) - 4x2(x - 1)
= (2x - 4x2)(x - 1)
= 2x(1 - 2x)(x - 1)
e. x2 - 4xy + 4y2
= (x - 2y)2
f. 9x2 - 16y2
= (3x - 4y)(3x + 4y)
g. x3 - 27
= (x - 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
Bài 1: Rút gọn các biểu thức:
a. (2x - 1)2 - 2 (2x - 3)2 + 4
b. (3x + 2)2 + 2 (2 + 3x) (1 - 2y) + (2y - 1)2
c. (x2 + 2xy)2 + 2 (x2 + 2xy) y2 + y4
d. (x - 1)3 + 3x (x - 1)2 + 3x2 (x -1) + x3
e. (2x + 3y) (4x2 - 6xy + 9y2)
f. (x - y) (x2 + xy + y2) - (x + y) (x2 - xy + y2)
g. (x2 - 2y) (x4 + 2x2y + 4y2) - x3 (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2) + 8y3
a: Ta có: \(\left(2x-1\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)^2+4\)
\(=4x^2-4x+1-2\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+4\)
\(=4x^2-4x+5-8x^2+24x-18\)
\(=-4x^2+20x-13\)
b: \(\left(3x+2\right)^2+2\left(3x+2\right)\left(1-2y\right)+\left(1-2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x+2+1-2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-2y+3\right)^2\)
Bài 1: Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a. 1 - 4x2
b. 8 - 27x3
c. 27 + 27x + 9x 2 + x3
d. 2x3 + 4x2 + 2x
e. x2 - 5x - y2 + 5y
f. x2 - 6x + 9 - y2
g. 10x (x - y) - 6y(y - x)
h. x2 - 4x - 5
i. x4 - y4
Bài 2: Tìm x, biết
a. 5(x - 2) = x - 2
b. 3(x - 5) = 5 - x
c. (x +2)2 - (x+ 2) (x - 2) = 0
Bài 3: Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
a. A = x2 - 6x + 11
b. B = 4x2 - 20x + 101
c. C = -x2 - 4xy + 5y2 + 10x - 22y + 28
a.
\(1-4x^2=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x\right)\)
b.
\(8-27x^3=\left(2\right)^3-\left(3x\right)^3=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)
c.
\(27+27x+9x^2+x^3=x^3+3.x^2.3+3.3^2.x+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^3\)
d.
\(2x^3+4x^2+2x=2x\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=2x\left(x+1\right)^2\)
e.
\(x^2-y^2-5x+5y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)
f.
\(x^2-6x+9-y^2=\left(x-3\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-3-y\right)\left(x-3+y\right)\)
g. 10x(x-y)-6y(y-x)
=10x(x-y)+6y(x-y)
=(x-y)(10x+6y)
h.x2-4x-5
=(x-5)(x+1)
i.x4-y4 = (x2-y2)(x2+y2)
B2.
a.5(x-2)=x-2
⇔5(x-2)-(x-2)=0
⇔4(x-2)=0
⇔x=2
b.3(x-5)=5-x
⇔3(x-5)+(x-5)=0
⇔4(x-5)=0
⇔x=5
c.(x+2)2-(x+2)(x-2)=0
⇔(x+2)[(x+2)-(x-2)]=0
⇔4(x+2)=0
⇔x=-2
1A. Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) x3+2x; b) 3x - 6y;
c) 5(x + 3y)- 15x(x + 3y); d) 3(x-y)- 5x(y-x).
1B. Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) 4x2 - 6x; b) x3y - 2x2y2 + 5xy;
c) 2x2(x +1) + 4x(x +1); d) 2 x(y - 1) - 2
y(1 - y).
5 5
2A. Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử: a) 2(x -1)3 - 5(x -1)2 - (x - 1);
b) x(y - x)3 - y(x - y)2 + xy(x - y);
c) xy(x + y)- 2x - 2y;
d) x(x + y)2 - y(x + y)2 + y2 (x - y).
2B. Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử: a) 4(2-x)2 + xy - 2y;
b) x(x- y)3 - y(y - x)2 - y2(x - y);
c) x2y-xy2 - 3x + 3y;
d) x(x + y)2 - y(x + y) 2 + xy - x 2 .
1A:
a: \(x^3+2x=x\left(x^2+2\right)\)
b: \(3x-6y=3\left(x-2y\right)\)
c: \(5\left(x+3y\right)-15x\left(x+3y\right)\)
\(=5\left(x+3y\right)\left(1-3x\right)\)
d: \(3\left(x-y\right)-5x\left(y-x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)+5x\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(5x+3\right)\)
1A. a. x(x2+2)
b. 3(x-2y)
c. 5(x+3y)(1-3x)
d. (x-y) (3-5x)
1B. a. 2x(2x-3)
b.xy(x2-2xy+5)
c. 2x(x+1)(x+2)
d. 2x(y-1)+2y(y-1)=2(y-1)(x-y)
1B:
a: \(4x^2-6x=2x\left(2x-3\right)\)
b: \(x^3y-2x^2y^2+5xy\)
\(=xy\left(x^2-2xy+5\right)\)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a/ 2x3 + 3x2 + 2x +3 b/ x2 – x – 12 c/ 4x2 –( x2 + 1)2
d/ 4xy2 – 12x2y + 8xy e/ x2 + x – 6 f/ x3 + 2x2y + xy2 – 4xz2
g/ x3 – 2x2y + xy2 – 25x h/ x2 – 2x – 3 i/ x3 – 3x2 – 9x + 27
a: \(=x^2\left(2x+3\right)+\left(2x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
b: \(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
e: =(x+3)(x-2)
a) \(=x^2\left(2x+3\right)+\left(2x+3\right)=\left(2x+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
b) \(=x\left(x-4\right)+3\left(x-4\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
c) \(=\left(2x\right)^2-\left(x^2+1\right)^2=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
d) \(=4xy\left(y-3x+2\right)\)
e) \(=x\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
f) \(=x\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-4z^2\right)=x\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-4z^2\right]=x\left(x+y-2z\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)\)
g) \(=x\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-25\right)=x\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-25\right]=x\left(x-y-5\right)\left(x-y+5\right)\)
h) \(=x\left(x+1\right)-3\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
i) \(=x^2\left(x-3\right)-9\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-9\right)=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x+3\right)\)
Bài 3: Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
1) ( x+ 3)(x2 -3x + 9) - (x3 + 54)
2) (2x + y)(4x2 + 2xy + y2 ) - (2x – y)(4x2 + 2xy + y2 )
3) (x – 1)3 – (x + 2)(x2 -2x +4) +3(x +4)(x – 4)
4) x(x + 1)(x - 1) – (x + 1)(x2 – x +1)
5) 8x3 - 5 (2x + 1)(4x2 – 4x + 1)
6) 27 + (x – 3)(x2 +3x + 9)
7) (x – 1)3 – (x +2)(x2 -2x + 4) +3(x +4)(x -4)
8) (x – 2)3 +6( x – 1)2 –(x +1)(x2 -x +1) +3x
1: Ta có: \(\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)-\left(x^3+54\right)\)
\(=x^3+27-x^3-54\)
=-27
2: Ta có: \(\left(2x+y\right)\left(4x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(2x-y\right)\left(4x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=8x^3+y^3-8x^3+y^3\)
\(=2y^3\)
\(1,=x^3+270-x^3-54=-27\\ 2,=8x^3+y^3-8x^3+y^3=2y^3\\ 3,=x^3-3x^2+3x-1-x^3-8+3x^2-48=3x-57\\ 4,=x^3-x-x^3-1=-x-1\\ 5,=8x^3-5\left(8x^3+1\right)=-32x^3-5\\ 6,=27+x^3-27=x^3\\ 7,làm.ở.câu.3\\ 8,=x^3-6x^2+12x-8+6x^2-12x+6-x^3-1+3x\\ =3x-3\)
Bài 2: Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) x4 - y4
b) x2 - 3y2
c) (3x - 2y)2 - (2x - 3y)2
d) 9(x - y)2 - 4(x + y)2
e) (4x2 - 4x + 1) - (x + 1)2
f) x3 + 27
g) 27x3 - 0,001
h) 125x3 - 1
a) \(x^4-y^4\)
\(=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(y^2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
b) \(x^2-3y^2\)
\(=x^2-\left(y\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+y\sqrt{3}\right)\)
c) \(\left(3x-2y\right)^2-\left(2x-3y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-2y+2x-3y\right)\left(3x-2y-3x+2y\right)\)
\(=0\cdot0\)
\(=0\)
d) \(9\left(x-y\right)^2-4\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-3y\right)^2-\left(2x+2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-3y-2x-2y\right)\left(3x-3y+2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5y\right)\left(5x-y\right)\)
e) \(\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1+x+1\right)\left(2x-1-x-1\right)\)
\(=3x\left(x-2\right)\)
f) \(x^3+27\)
\(=x^3+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)\)
g) \(27x^3-0,001\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^3-\left(0,1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(3x-0,1\right)\left(9x^2+0,3x+0,01\right)\)
h) \(125x^3-1\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^3-1^3\)
\(=\left(5x-1\right)\left(25x^2+5x+1\right)\)